Optimal. Leaf size=52 \[ -\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{3} x}{1-x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{6} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{x^2+1}\right )-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.149213, antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.5, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 13, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.538, Rules used = {325, 296, 634, 618, 204, 628, 206} \[ -\frac{1}{12} \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+\frac{1}{12} \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-2 x}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{3}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+1}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 325
Rule 296
Rule 634
Rule 618
Rule 204
Rule 628
Rule 206
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{1}{x^2 \left (1-x^6\right )} \, dx &=-\frac{1}{x}+\int \frac{x^4}{1-x^6} \, dx\\ &=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{3} \int \frac{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{x}{2}}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac{1}{3} \int \frac{-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{x}{2}}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac{1}{3} \int \frac{1}{1-x^2} \, dx\\ &=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac{1}{12} \int \frac{-1+2 x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac{1}{12} \int \frac{1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx-\frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx-\frac{1}{4} \int \frac{1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac{1}{12} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac{1}{12} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )+\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )+\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right )\\ &=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-2 x}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{3}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1+2 x}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac{1}{12} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac{1}{12} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 0.019483, size = 86, normalized size = 1.65 \[ -\frac{x \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )-x \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )+2 x \log (1-x)-2 x \log (x+1)+2 \sqrt{3} x \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x-1}{\sqrt{3}}\right )+2 \sqrt{3} x \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+1}{\sqrt{3}}\right )+12}{12 x} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A] time = 0.008, size = 71, normalized size = 1.4 \begin{align*} -{\frac{\ln \left ({x}^{2}-x+1 \right ) }{12}}-{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\arctan \left ({\frac{ \left ( 2\,x-1 \right ) \sqrt{3}}{3}} \right ) }+{\frac{\ln \left ( 1+x \right ) }{6}}-{\frac{\ln \left ( -1+x \right ) }{6}}+{\frac{\ln \left ({x}^{2}+x+1 \right ) }{12}}-{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\arctan \left ({\frac{ \left ( 1+2\,x \right ) \sqrt{3}}{3}} \right ) }-{x}^{-1} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A] time = 1.4913, size = 95, normalized size = 1.83 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{6} \, \sqrt{3} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac{1}{6} \, \sqrt{3} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) + \frac{1}{6} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{6} \, \log \left (x - 1\right ) \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A] time = 1.49619, size = 240, normalized size = 4.62 \begin{align*} -\frac{2 \, \sqrt{3} x \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt{3} x \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - x \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + x \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - 2 \, x \log \left (x + 1\right ) + 2 \, x \log \left (x - 1\right ) + 12}{12 \, x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [B] time = 0.240322, size = 87, normalized size = 1.67 \begin{align*} - \frac{\log{\left (x - 1 \right )}}{6} + \frac{\log{\left (x + 1 \right )}}{6} - \frac{\log{\left (x^{2} - x + 1 \right )}}{12} + \frac{\log{\left (x^{2} + x + 1 \right )}}{12} - \frac{\sqrt{3} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{2 \sqrt{3} x}{3} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} \right )}}{6} - \frac{\sqrt{3} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{2 \sqrt{3} x}{3} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} \right )}}{6} - \frac{1}{x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.16298, size = 97, normalized size = 1.87 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{6} \, \sqrt{3} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac{1}{6} \, \sqrt{3} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) + \frac{1}{6} \, \log \left ({\left | x + 1 \right |}\right ) - \frac{1}{6} \, \log \left ({\left | x - 1 \right |}\right ) \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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